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EBS History of Culture Series - Part 1 THE COUNT OF MYEONGDONG
Dr. Jo (Byeong Ok) was the candidate for the Democratic Party...
~ Lee Man Seop ~ (former Assemblyman; DongA Ilbo reporter at the time)
at the presidential elections.
But, a mere few days before the vote,
he suddenly died at Walter Reed Hospital in the US.
He died there.
So the elections were already a foregone conclusion.
That was back in February 1960.
~ Seo Jung Seok ~ (Seonggyungwan History professor)
The election took place in March of that year.
Usually, they had elections either in May or April,
but the Liberal Party just forced March upon everyone,
in consideration of many issues which could arise.
So Jo Byeong Ok passed away,
~ Hong Seok Ryul ~ (Seongshin University History professor)
and the Democratic Party had no time to nominate another candidate.
So, just like back in the 1956 elections,
although I of course don't know if it was a coincidence or not,
but Lee Seung Man once again found himself running for president alone,
and was pretty much the only choice.
With the situation as it was,
~ Park Tae Gyun ~ (SNU International Studies professor)
the focus of both opposition and leading party was directed...
at the vice-president's elections.
The presidential elections were completely ignored in that sense,
since there was only one candidate, and Lee Seung Man was going to win anyway,
so the real competition moved towards the candidates for vice president.
Congratulations, Mr. Speaker.
~ Lee Gi Bong ~ (National Assembly Speaker)
How is word on the street?
It's all proceeding smoothly.
Since during the last elections we had president and V.P. from different parties,
~ Episode 20 ~
we had plenty of difficulties in dealing with state affairs,
but the people clearly want both figures to come from the same party now.
Is that so?
Yes.
You don't need to worry,
Mr. Speaker.
Come on in.
This way, Lee Sajang.
Aigoo...
- Have a seat. - Yes.
How is the film going?
Not as well as I'd like.
Why is that?
Seems like it's not something you can just throw money at to see it built.
Indeed, indeed.
Films are art, after all.
So, tell me, you've completely moved over to that industry now?
It has its interesting points as well.
Thanks to you, Lee Jung Jae is gaining all sorts of opportunities.
Isn't Im Hwa Soo doing much better, these days?
Ohh... That...
They made peace.
Lee Jung Jae went to Seodaemun and got on his knees...
before Lee Gi Bong, and he was forgiven, all right.
- Is that so? - Ehh... Lee Jung Jae made a mistake.
Isn't it obvious he should have conceded the electorate?
He ended up fighting over that with Seodaemun...
Still, stealing someone else's electorate...
No matter how wretched our politics have become,
can some hoodlum enter our House of Representatives?
At the May 1958 elections, candidate Lee Gi Bong...
~ Lee Wan Beom ~ (Academy of Korean Studies professor)
knew that winning in his district of Seodaemun was impossible,
simply because the opposition party was gaining consensus in the city.
So what suddenly came to mind was Lee Jung Jae and his district.
Lee Gi Bong and the Liberal Party just flat out asked for his electorate,
but no matter what kind of relationship the two had enjoyed up to then,
it certainly wasn't something you could just ask for.
So he clearly showed some opposition.
Eventually, Kwak Young Joo played the middle man,
~ Im Heon Young ~ (culture critic)
and although I don't really know the details,
but he promised him an even better position, eventually convincing him.
Lee Sajang.
Do you have any intentions of joining the political circle?
If Lee Gi Bong manages to be elected vice president,
in a one-two year span... it's this!
He's going up the ladder for sure!
Dr. Lee (Seung Man) will be eighty-five this year.
What could possibly be different between Lee Jung Jae and me?
Ahh... Of course you are!
I'm thinking of entering the film industry in full force.
It's just that in Seodaemun they still want you on their team.
Isn't it going well even without me?
Well, I guess... That Im Hwa Soo is not your average fellow.
Go see if you find any artist willing to join an anti-communist group.
Then, found a literary group yourself.
Why, are scribes all that important?
Heard of the "Mansong* Clique"?
*Lee Gi Bong's moniker
Writings praising Lee Gi Bong are piling up by the minute.
I haven't heard any such thing.
They're the weakest of them all, those scribes.
All it takes is a few pennies, uh?
I am aware that none of the scribes from Myeongdong would do that.
Scribes in Myeongdong are just small fries,
the big shots don't even sniff in that direction.
If you'll excuse me, I'll have to go.
Lee Sajang!
This will soon become Lee Gi Bong's world.
Help him out while you still can.
I will think about it.
Think about it for real!
- Aigoo. - Aigoo!
I hear you're producing movies?
Yes.
You're really something, Lee Sajang.
Even a dog can learn something if he hangs out with the best,
so I guess staring at you folks from afar helped me out a little.
You made a wise decision, Lee Sajangnim.
Thank you.
But I always kept prattling about knowing you'd be behind me,
from now on I guess I'll have to be careful?
From what I hear, the gang from Dongdaemun is headed this way.
Ahh... Would it get to that point?
Right, Lee Sajang?
This place is still under your control, right?
I'll have to get going.
Yes.
Who is that?
Have you never seen him?
Isn't that Lee Hwa Ryong?
Lee Hwa Ryong?!
He looks like a proper fella?!
So you've never met him?
Even if I had, would I know?
As if he looked like your average gangster.
Thanks to that man, all we scribes have had it easy.
~ Gyeongmudae Presidential Office ~
Opinion polls are quite promising.
Yes, Mr. President.
~ Lee Seung Man (President) ~
Seems like Mansong (Lee Gi Bong) has been gaining consensus.
That is indeed true, Mr. President.
~~ Choi In Gyu (Minister of Domestic Affairs)
Then, we won't have to worry about these elections.
Indeed, Mr. President.
What did the president say?
To give our all without a blemish.
So, what did you tell him?
I reported to him that you were beating Jang Myeon by a wide margin.
How wide?
About 7 to 3.
Ahh... Am I that much ahead of him?
The same goes for last time,
but we should never underestimate Jang Myeon.
Distractions are forbidden, that's the point.
Yes.
That is why, just in case,
we prepared safeguard plans to deal with the situation.
I might not be allowed to divulge this in detail, but...
Anyhow.
Just trust me.
This is our last chance. Make sure you make no mistakes.
Yes, you needn't worry.
We're building our stone bridge step by step as we go along.
From the Liberal Party's point of view,
the presidential elections were pretty much a foregone conclusion.
But the real issue was the vice presidential election.
If we did like the Americans and put together VP and president,
we wouldn't have to worry.
This electoral law of ours is the real problem!
Having to vote for the two posts separately is just...
Don't worry.
No matter what happens, you will win these elections.
This wasn't just your average electoral fraud,
it was deliberate and predetermined from the start.
That is, before people got to vote, the result was already confirmed.
At the time, 30-40% of the electorate voted in advance, they said.
This would mean that many people went to vote,
and found out their vote had already been registered.
They just wouldn't give them access to the voting booth.
Wouldn't people be enraged by that?
And people close to the Liberal Party would closely observe the proceedings.
Essentially, people had to vote under their control and intimidation.
Not to mention the fact that they used what you could call vigilante corps,
and although cops were responsible for this as well,
most of them were just gangsters trying to intimidate people.
So they'd change your vote before it was registered.
And, this also happened in the 1956 elections,
they even threatened entire electoral districts.
That is, if one district was overwhelmingly supporting the opposition,
or it had a long history of supporting them.
They just kept pestering those people to "convince" them against voting.
They essentially forced all opposition inspectors out.
~ Lee Yi Hwa (historian) ~
Because their tactics could eventually be exposed,
they pushed out all opposing forces who could create problems.
The police itself was creating this atmosphere of intimidation,
and since even that wasn't working,
as their very last option,
they summarized the total number of voters and polling booths,
and without even counting votes, they just announced their "results."
What are you waiting for? Hurry and come out.
Go ahead first.
Hurry up.
Wow... Take a look at yourself, Yoon!
Where are you going, all dressed so nicely?
Ahh... Yes,
I need to drop by my in-laws.
Your in-laws?!
Yes. It's been so long since we visited her parents...
Of all days, why go there today?
Today is a holiday.
Holiday?!
It's election day!
They made it a holiday so you could go vote,
not to have you go visit your in-laws.
Ahh... We'll go vote on our way there.
Right.
Go vote for sure.
Yes, Hyungnim.
Let's go, dear.
What are you doing in there?
Wait... Yoon! Wait a moment.
Just a second. Let's have a word.
So who are you going to vote for?
Don't just laugh, and whisper it to my ears.
Why are you asking him?
It's not something you should prance about telling people.
All right, fine.
Still, go for Lee Gi Bong.
Candidate No. 1, Lee Gi Bong.
All right?
I'll vote Jang Myeon?
What are you saying?
If Jang Myeon becomes VP, we'll be infested by commies!
And if Lee Gi Bong becomes VP, it'll become a dictatorship.
Dear...
Dictatorships are unacceptable.
You've been prattling about dictatorship this and that,
but do you even know what that means?
This dictatorship you refer to...
What Kim Il Sung is doing is true dictatorship.
Indeed.
An absolute dictatorship.
The communist party is all they have up north.
But look at us! Liberal Party, Democratic Party...
Enough with the lecture, and let's just go.
- Ahh yes, let's go. - Wait.
What on earth did you wear?
What's wrong with this?
Can you wear those pants at the electoral booth?
I need to go to work after I vote.
Listen, forget work today.
Let's vote, and then go for some fresh naengmyeon (cold noodles).
Then, you're treating us as well?
Sure, sure I will!
Just a moment.
Candidate No. 1, is that clear?
Lee Gi Bong.
Let's get going!
Let's go.
I think that's the only way.
Yes, let's do that, then.
What are you doing there?
I told you to fetch me some water.
I'm coming.
I'll get going, then.
Yes...
- Have a safe return. - Yes.
Why are you always so tactless?
What is it?
He's from the district council.
Know how noxious they can get, if you rile them up?
So do I need to act all sweet with a town officer...
just because of a chicken coop?
He's saying we built a storage in the backyard.
I barely managed to convince him not to force us to demolish it.
So, he came here for that?
He said to go vote.
Vote?!
It's election day.
So, you said you'd go?
No.
And he just left, despite that?
I said that, since you would have voted for Jang Myeon,
keeping you at home would be better.
He agreed, and then just left.
Where are you going?
To vote.
Want some makgeolli?
Ahh... No.
I was just passing by, and I thought I'd rest my legs a little.
You're not working at the paper, these days?
I quit there.
Isn't that the reason why I'm sitting here at this hour?
Aigoo... And I thought I could get you to pay some of your tab,
guess that's out of the question now.
How much is it?
Your tab is over there.
~ Lee Bong Gu ~
Those are all credit registers?
Think that's all?
There are more piled up under there.
You shouldn't do business that way.
Why not?
Know what's the average lifespan of a bar in Myeongdong?
If you go past the first year, it's already long.
If you keep giving credit to everyone, you'll have to close up shop.
Then, I endured it for three years, so that must be something.
Actually, I was a little curious myself.
What's the secret that's kept you open all this time?
Tell me about it.
I don't know myself.
Anyhow, if I'm not closing anytime soon,
and manage to make a decent living, isn't that enough?
That's right.
And on that note, Myeongdong sure has changed a lot.
Half the people I meet are strangers.
Same goes for all the people coming here,
not to mention all the youngsters who've appeared as of late.
Since they can meet famous artists if they come here,
they're probably coming to take a peek.
Right, have you ever met Park In Hwan?
Not even Lee Jung Seop?
I guess I've heard about them.
What kind of people were they?
The reason Myeongdong feels so lonesome...
is because Park In Hwan and Lee Jung Seop are no longer here.
Would that be enough to understand?
I've had a good rest, guess I'll get going.
Yes, have a safe return.
Seonsaengnim!
What's a mother like you doing here?
I graduated.
In what?
Motherhood.
Did anything happen to the kid?
No. She's growing well.
So?
I've been told she'll grow even better away from me.
Who could ever say that?
My husband.
Professor Kim?
The first few months, it was interesting.
Being a mother as well.
But then I kept thinking, did I go to Germany to do this?
Looking after the kid all day, doing laundry,
well... guess the housemaid took care of the laundry.
Anyhow...
Doing the same exact things every day, and then my husband would...
Hye Rin!
All women live like that.
Why is it that my husband, my parents, friends and even seonbae...
all say the exact same thing?
- "All women live like that"?! - What I'm saying...
Were you just like them?
The type who hangs out and drinks with women,
but then points a finger at them, saying no proper woman would do that.
I played with fire once again.
You got married and even had a child, so I thought you'd change.
But you're still a hornets' nest, all right.
So, when they marry and have a child, a woman's life is over?!
You disappoint me, Lee Bong Gu Seonsaengnim.
Know why I always kept arguing with Park In Hwan?
Because his poems were wonderful,
he was always a fine dresser,
a great talker, enough to make you believe he was enlightened.
But deep inside, he still considered women inferior.
I surrender.
In that sense, I respect Kim Su Young a lot more.
Because he embraced his wife's return, even after she cheated on him.
Shouldn't a man be open-minded enough to accept that?
Let's have a cup of tea.
It's too interesting a diatribe to waste it on the street.
I have no time to spare drinking tea with you.
I made her all sulky, now...
Since I haven't been in Myeongdong for a while,
I'll get myself some records,
some books, and try out a few dresses as well.
Well... Might head to the Dolce, and listen to some music.
And if, after strolling about, I find a man I like,
I might even have a few cocktails.
Then, guess I'll just go home.
You're back?
Where's my son?
Yes... He went to vote.
Vote?!
What do I have to hear, Oppa went out to vote?!
Tell me about it.
Why don't you just go in? It's getting chilly.
So Dr. Jang is going to win again?!
Since even people like you went out to vote...
I knew this would happen. I went there to vote,
and the moment I give him my name and number,
this fella becomes all pale and starts wavering.
- So, I just... - Breathe, will you?
What's the matter?
Don't even mention it!
Someone had already voted in my name.
How could that be possible?
I saw it with my own eyes.
There was a circle under my name.
Then, why would that officer come here to convince you?
Since it didn't look like I'd vote, they came to verify just in case,
and find out whether I'd go or not.
But since I made them believe I wouldn't go,
they had someone else vote on my behalf.
Aigoo, enough. Give it a rest.
Why would you get so riled up over that?
"Over that"?!
Those Liberal Party thieves are staging an electoral fraud,
can we just sit and stare while it happens?
You'll have to call the reporters, then.
Of course!
Should I go down the street and call the paper?
Should I?
I was just talking.
And he looked so fierce!
Aigoo...
As if anyone was worth my vote. Election, my ass.
Get a chicken.
We'll boil it.
Did you run out of cigarettes?
Why?
It's the first time I see you without one in your fingers.
Coffee.
I don't feel that well, today.
Why is that?
I never believed an election could change much of anything,
but since it seems like it will be Lee Seung Man on top again,
I just feel annoyed by this world, that's all.
So even you are interested in politics, at times?
Politics?
It's not politics...
Did you vote?
I need a residential address to vote.
You don't even have a temporary one recorded?
Did you go?
Sure did.
That's a wonder, even you voting.
I should at least do that much.
Thinking about it,
intellectuals are the worst.
Who would ever know how bad Lee Seung Man is for us?
Would a farmer know, or a hard laborer?
Only educated people know that dictatorships are a horrible thing.
But those same people are the first to keep quiet and ignore all this,
so it's natural that Lee Seung Man would do this,
adopt Lee Gang Seok and make Lee Gi Bong the heir to his "throne."
I can only feel ashamed, Seonsaengnim.
I wasn't talking about you,
I am the one who's ashamed.
If I managed to last this long in comfort,
I should at least repay this society with something,
but all I do is waste time here, cigarette in hand.
So is that why you're not smoking today?
What would the uneducated masses know?
It's the intellectuals who deserve the blame.
Now that I think about it, what Kim Su Young said is right.
Lee Seung Man or Jang Myeon, it's all the same.
Aren't they all on the same boat?
Still, isn't Dr. Jang a little better than Lee Gi Bong?
A complete, wretched ruffian is much better than one who is just a bit bad.
You'll find out the former and avoid him in a moment,
but since you can never know what the latter is going for,
he can do a lot more damage.
That's right.
The election won't solve a thing.
I'd understand if it was a revolution.
Uh... By the way...
Myeongdong is desolate, today?!
I haven't even seen Kim Gwan Shik around.
Did they all go out to vote?
Tell me about it.
Seems like you and I are the only ones left in Myeongdong.
March 15 of 1960 marked the fourth presidential election.
But the only people interested in this election...
were a few members of the Democratic and Liberal Party, that is all.
That is because Lee Seung Man was pretty much guaranteed a win,
and because it was clear they would do everything to make sure...
Lee Gi Bong would be elected vice president.
Both the democrats' majority, who saw their candidates pass away days before...
the last two elections, or all the working-class people who wished...
for a regime change had little interest in all this.
Rumors of an electoral fraud by the Liberal Party were spreading,
and while papers were filled with such evidence,
people just accepted it as a foregone conclusion.
In other words, a defeatist attitude surrounded the entire elections.
In hindsight, it is a wonder how the March 15 election could lead to April 19.
Kim Su Young didn't see April 19 as a revolution.
This bombshell which exploded on April 19 was considered a revolution...
only much, much later.
*Park Jung Hee's 1961 military coup
Of course, the forces who caused the May 16 coup d'etat*...
christened April 19 as a "heroic deed,"
but the very tenets every revolution requires,
that is, all that explosive energy was not part of April 19.
That was Kim Su Young's view on the matter.
So what could this "revolution" mean?
A look at Russia's Bolshevik Revolution or the French one,
and you'd see the world turned upside down.
No... The kind of energy which could make that happen.
And if you wonder what kind of energy we're referring to,
that is the thirst for change.
Also, the condemnation of past mistakes,
and negating their very essence.
Anyhow, Kim Su Young believed this society needed to change.
That people should have neither feared the incoming new world,
nor ever decided a priori...
what that new world had to be.
Seen that way, Kim Su Young certainly had a point.
All that April 19 might achieved could be a mere regime change.
And that's because, as the Liberal Party fell into ruins,
the irony of anyone the Democratic Party presented winning the elections...
no matter what, was the only result.
That's right.
April 19 might very well have not changed a single thing.
But let's make this hypothesis.
That if we took all the history between April 19, 1960...
and completely erased everything that happened leading to the 1990s,
then everything would become quite clear.
The democratization we can enjoy today...
is no doubt connected at the core with what happened on April 19.
But the fact is that, despite taking part in a revolution,
we couldn't perceive it as one, and ended up turning April 19 into...
a revolution which couldn't lead us to any changes.
Borrowing someone's words, we will now follow the escalation to April 19,
the revolution which quickly came and quietly passed us by.
- I'll have it. - Let me have it.
I said I'll have it.
I will.
- I will! - Is that how a man behaves?
If your brother wants some, can't you concede a little?
He already had a lot more than me.
I boiled you a sweet potato today.
Aigoo... I ought to...
Ahh... Will you be quiet?
Ahh... This old piece of junk, why isn't it working?
Why are you screaming at them?
Aigoo... I ought to just smash this...
What is it you have to listen?
They'll be announcing the ballot results soon.
You haven't even voted, why would you care about that?
Did I stay home because I didn't care?
You didn't wake me up on time, so I couldn't go.
And what did you say last night?
That, since today was a holiday, you wanted to sleep.
When did I say that?
Then again, you were so piss drunk, you couldn't possibly remember.
I told you I had to have a drink last night.
All my colleagues at school, to celebrate my not drinking anymore...
Just give it a rest.
Mount Inwang will collapse before you stop drinking.
Is Mount Inwang the problem?
This election will cause an upheaval, you just wait.
Aigoo... really...
It's good.
We should have fed them even more.
Do you like it?
What did you add to it, to make it so savory?
It's butter.
Butter?!
Yes. My husband likes it, so...
And I thought he hated American goods...
He makes a living out of delivering eggs to them,
and still has the nerve to badmouth them.
- Let me help you. - It's okay, he can help himself.
Just worried he might spill it.
Mother, you'll spoil him.
It's not because of that.
Is it good?
- Go ahead and eat, then. - Can you go call your brother?
How long have we been here eating already?
Yes.
Aigoo... Is it that good?
Go ahead and eat.
Why don't you tell her to forget the chickens?
You're making more money by writing.
Just seems like she's having it too hard.
Just tossing the feed inside the coop won't get you those eggs.
These fellas, you know?
They're brimming with feelings.
Whenever they feel good, their eggs are all yellow and round.
When that's not the case, they go from three or four to one or two eggs.
But...
think how people could react.
Even chickens need to feel good to lay quality eggs,
but people...
Again with that depression.
I'm never going to write poems again.
I might just sell this place and head back to the provinces.
If I go back to the countryside and become a proper farmer,
I think I'll become much happier.
Oppa...
Can't you just ignore all this and worry about yourself?
Everyone is doing just fine, why do you always need to...
Who is doing "just fine"?
They're all pretending to. Who the hell is doing just fine?
What brings you here, at this hour?
My apologies, but it was too urgent to postpone.
Is the counting proceeding well?
Yes, Mr. Speaker.
Then, what was this urgent report?
I didn't wake you up, did I?
It's all right.
My apologies.
The first results are coming out.
Is that so?
Of course, as we expected, you're leading Jang Myeon...
by a very wide margin.
That's a relief.
If the counting continues to go without problems,
we will be able to announce your victory in the morning.
How wide is this margin?
Is it a close race?
It's not.
As I told you, a wide margin.
Ahh... So how wide?
I will give you an example.
Here is the aggregate from one booth in Daegu.
Lee Gi Bong...
I'll remove honorifics, to simplify.
Go ahead.
Lee Gi Bong, five thousand votes. Jang Myeon...
Jang Myeon, thirty-two votes.
If you'd like me to add another few cases...
That's going too far.
What?
What did you say?
How could there be such a margin?
The ballot results, obviously,
marked a landslide victory for both Lee Seung Man and Lee Gi Bong.
So, what people just couldn't accept...
was the fact that, even in so-called "opposition strongholds"...
like Daegu, Lee Gi Bong had won by quite a significant margin.
But I believe few people gave any credibility to those results.
Actually, from the very first day of elections, in Masan,
the first Masan "accident" took place,
and many students were out in the streets protesting this electoral fraud.
So, no matter how you put it, this was a quintessential fraud,
so much that those numbers could never be trusted.
All the more ironic, in Hwacheon and a few other places,
they got something like over 100% of the votes.
It was inevitable that the powers that be would ask them to adjust those numbers,
and since even VP votes were too high, to bring them down.
It was just the kind of farce that you couldn't even laugh at.
On March 18, the Central Electoral Committee...
proclaimed Lee Seung Man as president, and Lee Gi Bong as his vice.
That moment marked the success of the two's conspiracy...
to secure succession at the presidential seat.
However, although students did protest the results around the country,
most people just resigned themselves to accept the inevitable.
What are you waiting for?
Bring in some more bindae ddeok (mung bean pancake).
Yes, in a moment.
Hong, behave.
Don't get started...
See, what did I tell you?
Didn't I tell you Lee Gi Bong would win in a landslide?
Of course, since it was a total fraud.
A fraud?!
Ehh! Isn't this excessive?
Of course, some of the people under him might have gone a bit far.
But, take a look at the votes, uh?
It's 7 to 3.
So if Lee Gi Bong won seven votes,
Jang Myeon only got three, that's what.
So that's why it's a fraud.
Is it even possible to have such a margin?
Why even have an election, if that was the case?
It's all said and done, just shut it.
Let's just drink.
Go ahead and eat.
We have all the food you want.
Aigoo, Sister. You are a master cook.
Say what, you fool?
She's old enough to be your aunt.
How old do you think I am, like some granny?
Here... Here!
This calls for a song!
- Uh?! - Right... Right!
All right, that's a good idea.
Why ask him for a song?
He'll spend all night weeping with some tearjerker.
"No matter how much I miss my home,"
Again with that song?
"I am forced away from there."
"Looking a thousand ri away, under that sky and those mountains..."
He's going to end in tears again, I bet.
That man and his hometown...
"The hometown I saw in my dreams, endlessly longing for it."
- Great! - Go ahead!
Here...
Said he's quit drinking.
He quit?!
The missus said that if he even only touches the bottle again,
she'll pack her bags and leave him.
So, what, you don't close the windows because maggots scare you?
If the missus runs away, find yourself another.
Ahh... Hyung.
Don't bother him, just sit down.
Ahh...
Ahh... Really.
Here... Let's have a drink.
If my wife meant what she said,
she'd have packed her bags a hundred times.
Here, have one.
Good for you, Lee-gun.
Where is the next cultural village going to be?
Look at him, "gun" this and that to a seonbae even when sober!
Why don't you ask Lee Gi Bong for a post in the Cabinet, since you're there?
Listen to that...
Do you call that an election?
Lee Hyung... Lee Hyung.
Let's have a beer and get going.
Beer?!
Right. Now that you're on Lee Gi Bong's side,
it's no soju or makgeolli, it must be beer!
- I really... - Let's just go.
Is giving homeless artists a house to live in a crime?
I wouldn't accept those vile gifts even if you paid me to do it.
Are you acting like that because you're sober, or are you just drunk?
Anti-Communist Artist Association?!
Is that the kind of man Lee Hae Rang was?
Listen to him, I ought to...
Let's go, I said.
Can we go on living like this?
Even after all this, we can't utter a single word,
so it's only natural those liberals are going out there...
and doing whatever they want under our noses!
Aigoo...
Come here and have a seat.
Lee Bong Gu!
Lee Hae Rang! Come here and sit next to me.
Why don't you come here, Gwan Shik?
I'll get you another glass of beer.
"I have now forgotten that name."
"But those eyes and lips..."
Lee Bong Gu!
Do we have time to look for those eyes and lips now?
Students are shedding blood all over the place!
Kim Gwan Shik!
Then, go represent them in Gwanghwamun,
and set yourself on fire, you fool.
Even if students do that, what are they going to solve?
Think those Liberal Party pricks will even blink once at them?
Don't you know that even just a little hair can spoil the broth?
Look at him, talking down to me all night.
"Even when the wind blows, when rain drenches us all."
Lee Hyung!
Are you still pissing?
Ahh... Lee Hyung.
Come here.
This is quite fun?!
"To be, or not to be!"
"That is the question!"
"Leaves fall, their warm embrace drenched in mud."
Wow... This is really fun.
Gwan Shik...
Come here and swing it with us.
What are you doing over there?
Eat this, you wretched world.
Ohh... Look at those cute buttocks!
Everyone knew that something was wrong with the elections.
But the people who had any idea of how to solve this impasse...
were few and far between.
And even if they knew how,
they still couldn't do a single thing about it.
Yes, that's right.
Their intellect wasn't going to help them in the slightest.
And that is because revolutions are irrational, illogical,
and filled to the brim with contradictions.
~ Chosun Ilbo frontpage on Kim Ju Yeol's death ~
Remember Kim Ju Yeol?
That was the spark which ignited the April 19 revolution.
At the time, Masan always showed a strong pro-democracy slant,
and as you're well aware, the opposition candidate would always win there.
So opposition candidate Heo Yoon Soo won the fifth elections in May 1958,
by a really wide margin, once again proving this was an opposition stronghold.
But, in a shocking turn, Heo was convinced to join the Liberal Party,
in essence becoming what we now call a "migratory politician,"
and turning the tides of this election.
All the "senators" of the Democratic Party in Masan,
already by half past ten, were saying this election couldn't go on.
By one o'clock, they were already asking for the election to be nullified,
and, at about four in the afternoon, I think?
The local party higher-ups started demonstrating.
But it was by the evening that everything turned much more serious...
than anyone could expect.
People started joining the demonstration, including students,
and it turned into quite the major rally, protesting the electoral fraud.
By eight in the evening, the police started firing,
injuring and killing quite a few people in the process.
So the Liberal Party got involved, and upon seeing the situation in Masan,
they didn't even mention the electoral fraud,
and claimed that behind all this were pro-communist instigators,
that they were the cause of all this.
Then, I went protesting to this Liberal Party member, a certain Mr. Kim.
"Can you really act like this," I asked.
"You will regret this."
"This will only fuel the fire."
"How can you treat a demonstration by the people..."
"as some kind of conspiracy by the communist party?"
"Your party will now face its demise."
Of course, journalists can only write the truth,
but the situation personally enraged me, and moved me to protest.
However, the real spark which ignited the fire...
was the fact they found this body of a student down at the beach.
This student, as it turns out, was Kim Ju Yeol.
Not to mention that a tear-gas shell was lodged inside his eye,
so this was the real detonator which ignited all things.
Something like this was not really common, all over the nation.
But the moment this Kim Ju Yeol accident was exposed all over,
the whole thing caught fire.
Aunim!
You should find refuge, for the time being.
Lee Jung Jae sent Yoo Ji Gwang out to attack students...
who were going back to school after demonstrating.
So?
Seems like a few students got hurt.
They started hitting them with lead pipes, so...
Our boys were there as well?
Think they would listen to me?
All they know is how to use their fists!
You forsook them, so it's natural they'd go after Lee Jung Jae.
Anyhow, you must leave.
They might misunderstand you, if you remain here.
Am I the problem?
I'm just worried our boys could get hurt.
On April 19, the demonstrations started quite early.
Middle and high schoolers were already on the streets...
by eight in the morning, going around town and campuses,
instigating college students to join in.
So by nine in the morning, SNU students went past the school gates,
moved to Jong-Ro and all the way to the parliament,
which at the time was in Gwanghwamun.
*former colonial building
All the students entered the old jungangcheong*,
and threw rocks at the police line which was set up there,
after which both citizens and college students pushed upfront with cars,
managing to go all the way to Hyoja-dong,
in essence penetrating the first line of defense,
which helped many people reach the second line,
which was set up right in front of Gyeongmudae.
The moment the demonstration hit the second line's flanks,
gunshots started to be heard in the air. Must have been around one o'clock?
That was when "Bloody Tuesday" was born.
I was a reporter, so I was just running with pen and notebook in hand.
But they just shot at unarmed students.
Students were falling by my side, rifles blazing here and there.
I don't even want to imagine that sight again,
but it was just a massacre.
Was it about five in the afternoon?
They declared martial law,
and troops and tanks just began to storm the capital.
Thankfully, they not only didn't shoot at the students,
but the students just jumped on the tanks.
They went on top, and started screaming hurrahs,
and the tank just kept going back and forth with the students on top.
The atmosphere was starting to change, by then,
because the military was taking the demonstrators' side.
As for President Lee, until at least the 22nd or 23rd,
he was convinced stepping down wasn't necessary.
Nullifying the vice presidential elections, having Lee Gi Bong step down,
and cutting all ties with the Liberal Party was the idea, he thought.
He would accede to that, thinking that it would be enough...
to solve this impasse.
But then, organizations of professors...
started joining the demonstrations, on April 25.
They hadn't participated until then, but that was the day they were paid.
Since they were going there to get their salary,
they decided to all gather, and to sort of play their own part,
after many students paid the ultimate price.
If you see it from a positive angle,
you could say their democratic spirit moved them to do so.
Another important factor was that Lee Seung Man believed...
the American government would support him to the very end,
because from their point of view, what happened on April 19...
was the result of disturbing elements acting against the state,
not actual public fervor exploding on the streets.
That is why they believed the US would still support them,
but the American ambassador, when he met the president,
suggested that resigning from his post would have been wise.
It was a shocking development for him.
The same revolution which started from clouds of ambiguity...
found an unexpected success, all of a sudden.
But nobody really realized the extent of what they had just achieved.
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~ On The Next Episode Of ~ THE COUNT OF MYEONGDONG
People have died!
Youths in their prime at that.
If that is what the people want,
I will resign from my post as President.
Too many people died!
They shot unarmed people on the street,
it is only natural they'd turn their backs on them.
Lee Gi Bong committed suicide.
Kim Su Young was running out there like a child.
I ran around demonstrators all day on the 19th.
And I was enraged by seeing the police open fire on them.
But I still couldn't move a finger to help them.
What if they catch me...
The freedom I always thought about might be just a vague idea.
I'm just clamoring for freedom, nothing else.
If they have no interest in how precious the human mind and real freedom can be,
then it's really no use.
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